Matrixes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Grids - Essay Example SWOT represents qualities, shortcomings, openings, and dangers. SWOT examination is an apparatus utilized for inspecting the association and its condition (Marketingteacher.com, 2011.) It is an exceptionally well known and valuable device for creating vital administration choice since it is basic and simple to utilize. In SWOT, qualities and shortcomings are considered as inward factors while openings and dangers are outside. This additionally gives the motivation behind why SWOT examination is some of the time called the Internal-External investigation (Mindtools.com, 2011). This is finished with the assistance of the SWOT lattice where in the qualities, shortcomings, openings and dangers for the association are thought of. By taking a gander at the qualities of the association, the potential regions for examination with the contenders possibly found and this will likewise introduce the shortcomings that the association has. Helpful open doors may originate from taking a gander at t he qualities and attempting to dispose of the shortcomings of the association. Dangers are the outer elements that fill in as impediments that association may confront. SWOT investigation may help the association in its key administration choices as it reveal openings where it is very much positioned to abuse and by understanding the shortcomings, dangers can be overseen and disposed of.

Is Police accountability a special case, or merely one example of the Essay

Is Police responsibility a unique case, or only one case of the pressure inborn in all responsibility courses of action between permitting operators the activity o - Essay Example The OSCE in its report on vote based system in Serbia says that to set up popularity based dependability in a nation it is vital that the policing is both majority rule and liberated from political obstruction (OSCE, 2002). For this reason, responsibility is fundamental both inside and outside the association. This is to guarantee that the police don't work in an undemocratic way and can be considered responsible by the residents for its activities. The report says that the most significant element of popularity based policing is that policing must be with the general assent of the general population (OSCE, 1). This applies both to the activities of the police faculty and the way in which the activity happens. There must be a continuous exchange between the general population and the police in regards to the style of policing and the impediments of police powers (OSCE, 1). It suggests a concurred understanding between the two about when the police will mediate and the adequate ways f or them to do it. It is known as good agreement. In this framework there is a harmony among force and responsibility. Force is allowed to the police powers by the parliament for the residents, who are conceded the capacity to consider the police responsible for their activities, approaches, systems, needs, and consumption (OSCE 2002). The police is likewise expected to have respectability, reasonableness, affectability, and these qualities are maintained through frameworks of responsibility. In a majority rule government, policing should be founded on assent over the network (Accountability I). The people group perceives the authenticity of the policing task, gives expert on police work force in completing their job in policing and effectively underpins them (Accountability I). Assent relies upon legitimate responsibility. The police should be responsible in two detects - the subordinate or respectful sense; and the logical and helpful sense. In the previous sense, the police are subordinate to the law and the network hopes to get the administration for which its cash is spent. In the last sense, people in general and police need to speak with one another and work in organization to guarantee successful policing. OSCE has prescribed five degrees of management to guarantee responsibility of the police powers to the general population. These are: 1. Inside issues: The main degree of responsibility demands trustworthiness. There is the requirement for an inner undertakings division which ignores the trustworthiness of the individual police staff. Its obligation will be to examine claims of wrongdoing, debasement and improper conduct with respect to the police faculty. They would likewise devise strategies to forestall debasement. 2. Outside oversight: To maintain the trustworthiness of this inner undertakings office there should be an association, totally free of the police, which will supervise the charges of wrongdoing, defilement and acts of neglect against the police. This outside association would likewise reserve the option to see the records of the inside issues office. This association would report back to the general population in the wake of examining charges against the police office. It will likewise have the option to impact police techniques and remark freely on occurrences (OSCE 2002).3. Parliamentary oversight: The outer oversight association additionally needs

Veterans Day A Remembrance

Veterans Day A Remembrance Years ago, when I was the likeliest lass in AP English class, I won a VFW award for an essay I wrote about the United States and globalization. My parents, as well as several of my teachers, were amazed that I took home the prize, because my essay was an impassioned (and probably jejune) plea for our nation to be more involved in the wider world than less. It was the Cold Wars dying days, and many of the Young Republicans I knew wanted a return to America First. I didnt agree with them then, and I dont agree with them now. But more important, the VFWmen and women (still mostly men, then) of different ages and experiencesdidnt see anything wrong with my thoughts as expressed. A large part of that, I now know, is due to the fact that each of them had once served in defense of my freedom of expression. People who have walked the military walk dont take what it safeguards lightly. However, as a former literature teacher, I believe theres a little more to it than that, and Ill illustrate what I mean by extending the VFW story a bit. Since I did win the essay trophy, I was invited later that year to stand up in front of my local VFW chapter as they gathered to celebrate Veterans Day; I was to recite Lieutenant Colonel John McRaes famous poem In Flanders Fields. I remember every word of it still, as do many of my Canadian friends and colleagues (McRae was Canadian, and that poem has become iconic in his home nation). I know Im not the only one in the Book Riot community who is fascinated with World War I poetry. In Flanders Fields isnt the best or even necessarily the most famous poem of that era (famous status might have to go to Wilfrid Owens Dulce et Decorum Est). But the reason Im writing about it today is because I think In Flanders Fields is one of the most immediate and truest. The poppies that blow between the rows of crosses are there in abundance, sadly, because of the decomposing bodies beneath. McCrae, a medical doctor, knew this; he also knew that those poppies were as beautiful and transient as our human lives and relationships. Years after reading his poem out loud to my Hudson Valley veterans group, I taught In Flanders Fields to my students (who happened to be soldiers themselves) while I had them read Erich Maria Remarques novel All Quiet on the Western Front. I pointed out that the German soldiers saw the poppies, tooand the poppies grew over their graves, too. On Veterans Day, I believe in remembrance for our fallen, and in honoring what they fought to protectbut I also try to remember that poppies dont belong to the good guys or the bad guys. They remind us instead of our common humanity.

Explanative Essay on Guernica - 625 Words

â€Å"Guernica† is one of the most well-known paintings in the world. It was painted by Pablo Picasso in 1937. The painting itself measures 11ftx 26.5ft. â€Å"Guernica† depicts the bombing of the Spanish town of Guernica during the Spanish civil war. The whole thing is done in a cubist style not surprising since Picasso is known for his cubism. In the painting there are people and animals alike all of them in pain and or suffering. â€Å"Guernica† is also filled with symbolism that Picasso incorporated into it, and hidden messages. The painting is also colorless it only uses black, white and, gray. Picasso used several principle and element of art while painting â€Å"Guernica†. Some of the elements include value, line, shape, color and, space.†¦show more content†¦A very simple painting at first glance but after a little analysis proves to be very complex. My opinion on â€Å"Guernica† is very shaking it is an extravagant piece but does have some drawbacks on it. Some things that make this piece so good is the multitude of messages especially hidden ones. I’m also marveled at the thought and sophistication that went into making this. Picasso was definitely in my opinion one of the most intelligent artists there ever was. Some things that bring this piece down would be the cubist style. I do enjoy cubism but (going on to another drawback) it doesn’t fit with everything going on in the painting. It is too cramped for that style and this adds to the already menacing task of deciphering the painting. One last thing is Picasso’s lack of clarification it would definitely helped a little. All in all Guernica is definitely a great piece. Abraham Lincoln was said â€Å"Probably, no nation is rich enough to pay for both war and civilization, we must make our choice we cannot have both.† Lincoln was clearly right. As shown in â€Å"Guernica† the Spanish chose war and therefore sacrificed their civilization in the process. They subjected their inhabitants to death and destruction that could have been avoided, but that’s what war does. It takes lives and destroys everything in its path but even through war things survive just like the harlequins spread throughout the piece.

The Levels of Management - 865 Words

There are three different levels of management within an organization starting with top managers, then middle managers, and finally first-line managers. To begin, top managers according to the textbook â€Å"make long-term decisions about the overall direction of the organization and establish the objectives, policies, and strategies for it† (Kinicki and Williams 17). These managers are associated with the elaborate things in the office environment. They are typically the top dogs of a business. Their offices may include the most expensive furniture, top of the line technological equipment, and large windows with the best views in the building. The individuals who typically occupy these types of offices include the presidents, CEO’s, and†¦show more content†¦Like the definition states, these managers carry out the goals that the top level as set forth by setting goals and tasks for their departments and other affiliations. This level of management may be more i nvolved unlike the top level with the everyday workplace; therefore, they may give important feedback to the top managers based on first-hand experience. These type level jobs vary in salaries and responsibilities among the many organizations. A middle manager can start out making around $50,000 a year or up to around $110,000 a year. Depending on the size of the organization, they may supervise over small or large groups of people (17-18). A middle manager has the opportunity of advancement to reach the top level of the pyramid. Finally, there is the first-line level of management. These managers â€Å"make short-term operating decisions, directing the daily tasks of non-managerial personnel† (18). Job titles for individuals in this level are at the bottom of the pyramid, which includes titles such as department head, team leader, or supervisor. Their salary also varies from around $25,000 to $50,000 a year. First level managers typically do no set goals for the business, but instead, follow the tasks already set out for them by the upper levels of management. They take those tasks to put forth in the overseeing of the line workers. Employees of the organization work mostly with this level ofShow MoreRelatedManagement Levels Explained1265 Words   |  6 Pages and senior management? Discuss the key skills required to perform effectively at each level of management. Assess your own strengths and development needs in terms of the skills required to be an effective first-line manager. In the operation of any sizeable company, different levels of management are responsible for maintaining successful production and development of the business. Over the course of this discussion, I will define management, three different levels of management, and addressRead MoreLevel Of Management : Top Managers Essay935 Words   |  4 PagesLevel of Management The level of management is important for people to learn how the businesses to operate and manage the companies. According to what I have learned in class and experienced in the life, there are three main levels of managers: Top managers, middle managers and first-line managers. Top Management Top managers make up the relatively small group of administrators who manage the overall company. And top managers are the most important managers because they are able toRead MoreThe Level Of Tolerance And Classroom Management1221 Words   |  5 Pagesand classroom management in the classroom. It is important to have both these components within the classroom in order for lessons and lectures to run smoothly. These components have been studied at every level of education from preschool to university. This study will focus on analyzing these variables in the university setting. These variables are especially essential at the university level since professors hold less authoritative power over their adult students. However, is the level of civilityRead MoreTop Three Levels Of Management Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesThe top three levels of management in an organization can be categorized in multiple formats: top-middle-low, corporate-departmental-supervisory, and executive-t actical-organizational and some. Whichever naming convention one prefers, the basic roles and responsibilities are the same; top level managers focus on the organization as a whole; middle level managers focus on specific business units, product lines or departments; low level managers focus on an office, installation, or facility, and haveRead MoreResponsibilities Of Each Level Management897 Words   |  4 Pagesform of business policy, top management, and even a director board that influences the way that the company performs. Each level of management and control of a company comes with its own guidelines and roles and responsibilities to perform and when any fall short of those responsibilities, the company suffers. The purpose of this essay is to explore the roles and responsibilities of each level management, what happens when the expectations of that level of management are not lived up to, and howRead MoreNvq Level 3 in Management2786 Words   |  12 PagesNVQ IN Managem ent Level 3 UNIT B6 Provide Leadership in Your Area of Responsibility Leadership is about helping people, empowering people, setting clear goals and motivation, while operating to accomplish the mission and improving the organisation. The Council operates as one organisation working towards a common aim: â€Å"This Council will provide services that are amongst the best in the UK and will lead to the achievement of the Vision for Swansea† Consequently the corporate plan focusesRead MoreValue Management At The International Level3269 Words   |  14 Pages SUMMARY 1.0 INTRODUCTION Internationally, Value Management (VM) has been recognised as an emerging paradigm that focuses on the continuously increasing the value provided to the client and is widely accepted as an important tool in recent management of construction projects (Ellis, Wood et al. 2000). The construction industry is an important field for Value Management at the international level (Kelly, Male et al. 2004). Value Management is also critical to the success of projects as it providesRead MoreValue Management At The International Level3269 Words   |  14 Pages SUMMARY 1.0 INTRODUCTION Internationally, Value Management (VM) has been recognised as an emerging paradigm that focuses on the continuously increasing the value provided to the client and is widely accepted as an important tool in recent management of construction projects (Ellis, Wood et al. 2000). The construction industry is an important field for Value Management at the international level (Kelly, Male et al. 2004). Value Management is also critical to the success of projects as it providesRead MoreNetflix : Strategic Management At The Business Level Essay1706 Words   |  7 Pages In relation to strategic management at the business level, Netflix is a good example considering the various strategies that the management, led by Reed Hastings has been able to develop. Through decades, Netflix organization has been forced by both the internal and external factors to develop sustainable strategies in order to coup with the ever changing business environment. Good team working has also enab led Hastings to maintain the business at the top position when comparedRead MoreCorporate Level Strategies : Strategic Management1339 Words   |  6 Pages Corporate-Level Strategies As part of strategic management, a thorough analysis must be conducted by top-level managers to assess current business performance and to determine potential for growth. Corporate leaders create value for their businesses using three main approaches: expansion (diversification) within the industry or markets, concentration, and vertical integration. Diversification can either be related or unrelated. It is the responsibility of corporate leaders to set the firm’s strategic

Conventional cars to electric cars Free Essays

Introduction If we count the autos on the whole planet we will make a figure bigger than 500 million. These autos give us great freedom, but they bring some jobs excessively. They burn fossil fuels like oil so they pollute our planet and they do a major part to the planetary heating. We will write a custom essay sample on Conventional cars to electric cars or any similar topic only for you Order Now In U.S 33 % of entire C dioxide emanations comes from the autos with internal burning engines. Most people want to hold electric autos that are fuel, efficient and cleaner than the gas guzzlers they drive today. However, these yearss, there are some jobs which are waiting for solutions like battery capacity, bear downing Stationss, new grid systems and paying systems. In this work we will analyze how can we go through from conventional autos to electric autos? hypertext transfer protocol: //www.explainthatstuff.com/electriccars.html hypertext transfer protocol: //ecobridge.org/content/g_cse.htm Environmental Friendly Technologies and Their Necessity Environmental engineerings or green engineerings assist straight with energy preservation and they help the environment by cut downing the sum of waste produced by human activities. These engineerings besides conserve natural environment and resources. Today, the universe is in danger. Everyone must confront to have an consequence on Earth. We must cognize the effects of our life manners and we should rearrange our lives harmonizing to it. The best solution is the use of environmental engineerings in our day-to-day life. In this perspective environmental footfalls divide into two classs ; as a authorities and as a individual. Governments can modulate the policies and give more importance to renewable energy. However, most of import portion is personal actions. Human history shows that ordinary people have adequate power to alter the systems like authoritiess and governments. Why ca n’t we change earth ‘s fate? By safeguards that we will take, we can salvage our natural resources. For illustration ; we should give importance to recycling that we bring the use of clean energy to our lives. By utilizing solar energy and alternate fuel vehicles, including plug-in intercrossed and pure electric autos can salvage our kids ‘s hereafter. hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_technology Electric Car Idea Electric autos are fundamentally alternate fuel cars which use electric motor and electric power to travel. Although electric auto thought shows so fresh, electricity is one of the oldest auto propulsion methods. Yet late, they have gained more importance with planetary clime treatments. â€Å" Electric auto † by and large used for cars powered by electricity. There are some types of electric autos but they have different names such as, electric autos powered by sunshine are solar autos, and electric autos powered by gas generator are intercrossed autos. Hybrid autos with batteries that can be recharged by linking a stopper to an external electric power beginning is a plug-in intercrossed vehicle ( PHEV ) . An electric auto that obtains its power from an interior battery battalion is called a battery electric vehicle ( BEV ) . Although electric autos save natural resources and the clime, electricity as a propulsion method could non be achieved gasoline autos ‘ comfort and easiness of operation. ICE engineering has some advantages ; gasolene autos have greater scope and small refueling times and there is a immense gasolene distribution substructure to supply gasolene for autos. Besides that a gasolene auto ‘s monetary value is much cheaper than an electric auto. There are non merely electric autos ‘ disadvantages. They are more environmental, friendly and their maintaining and running costs are cheaper than ICE autos ‘ . By indispensable policy alterations and electric distribution substructure investings, in short clip ICE autos may replace with electric autos. Today, intercrossed electric autos have become the most popular signifier of electric auto, we can easy purchase a intercrossed auto with an low-cost monetary value. For case, Toyota Prius or Chevrolet Volt. Besides we can purchase a plug-in loanblend or a pure electric auto such as Tesla Roadster or Th! nk City. hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_car How to cite Conventional cars to electric cars, Essay examples

Pestle Analysis- Should Caravan Club Invest in N.Ireland free essay sample

| | | |The Caravan Club | |Business Enterprise | The Caravan Club Introduction. The Caravan Club is an organisation representing caravanners in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. The Caravan Club is in its 103rd year and has a strong ethos of representing its one million members and providing them with quality products and services. Whilst wanting to increase its presence in Northern Ireland, many factors must be considered will be evaluated using a PESTLE analysis tool. By implementing such a research framework; a systematic, objective collection and analysis of data about particular target market, competition, and environment variables, the company will be better placed to understand the ‘meso-economic and macro-economic environments in which they operate and in this case help the company strategically plan for new development in Northern Ireland. POLITICAL Tourism in Northern Ireland has had to develop within the context of political unrest. This would be deemed one of the main reasons for a thorough analysis into a NI investment. [pic] Visitor trips (number) to Northern Ireland, nights spent (number), and revenue generated (? million), 1963, 1967, 1972, and 1988 to 2001 The political situation in Northern Ireland has improved noticeably since the days of ‘The Troubles. ’ The Good Friday Agreement signed in 1998 the governments of the North and South of Ireland has taken a more formally pro-active role in facilitating greater co-operation between their tourism boards. Cross-border co-operation is now seen as part of a wider government Strategy in Britain and Ireland to support the peace process and a political settlement. Political will and clear government policy has, in the last number of years, helped to facilitate greater co-operation and give strong and unambiguous direction to the boards. Under this situation any overriding concerns about co-operation have been set aside as partnership is now priority government policy. There is clear government commitment to cooperation and this has filtered down to the tourist boards and individuals within the organisations. (Greer 2002: 362) There will be the threat of potential dissident republican violence, but despite the possibility of isolated violence, to avoid N. I would be like avoiding L. A because there might be an earthquake. The Northern Ireland Executive and DETI have attached a priority to the Tourism sector. This reflects the fact that there is considerable scope to boost the contribution tourism makes to the overall economy. For example, although the revenue generated by the tourism sector has almost doubled since the mid-1990s, its overall contribution to the economy (1. 9%) remains much less than elsewhere in the UK (3. 2%). (DETI, 2008-2011) Established in 1948, the NITB is one of the four agencies within, and responsible to, the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment (DETI) – the other three agencies are: Invest Northern Ireland; General Consumer Council for Northern Ireland and the Health Safety Executive for Northern Ireland. Arlene Foster (DUP) I believe that tourism is the business not just of the Northern Ireland Tourist Board, Tourism Ireland and the Department but of everybody in the private sector as well. I very much hope that the capital investment that has been put into the signature projects over the past three years will now bear fruit for us, not least across signature projects such as the Titanic Quarter project, which is making great progress, as I am sure many Members have seen as they drive past it. We also see the way that the UK City of Culture, Londonderry, has been developing over the past years. However, the Member is right: if there were more capital funds, I would certainly take them. Unfortunately, with the Budget as it is, I have to make do with what I have been given. I feel that we have been fortunate in so far as we have put a lot of capital investment into the tourism product over the past three to four years. We now need to get down to selling what we have and making sure that everyone is aware of Northern Ireland as a place to visit. (Northern Ireland Assembly debates, 17 January 2011) The Forestry Bill which came in to operation on 13 September 2010 replaces out-dated forestry law with new legislation, which will support a wider role for forestry in modern society and allow the Department to obtain better value from the forest estate. The forestry bill allows for; The Department may enter into arrangements with any other person for the use or development of forestry land for any such purpose. Castlewellan Forest Park, Drum Manor Forest Park, Glena riff Forest Park ,Gortin Glen Forest Park, Gosford Forest Park, Tollymore Forest Park. All these forest parks have Caravan sites, currently run by Forest service NI. Giving them ‘The Caravan Club’ brand would open up the sites to the million club members. The Club currently has market share and a standard of excellence, developing the product (Forest Park Sites) in a strategic alliance with NITB DARD, would not only benefit Tourism NI but is a huge market for ‘The Caravan Club’ to tap into. I am confident that this multi-faceted Bill will effectively support a modern and forward-looking forestry strategy. It will give powers to deliver a wide and integrated spectrum of benefits- social and recreational, environmental and of course economic. ( Quote; Michelle Gildernew MLA, 2010) Describing the content of the Bill, the Minister added: The Forestry Bill will retain powers to deal with day to day forestry matters and to protect trees from damage by wild animals or from fire risk from vegetation on adjoining land. There will still be powers to make bye-laws to ensure the safe and responsible enjoyment of the public forest estate. The forestry Bill is just a part of Tourism Strategies for NI, over the past ten years; Northern Ireland has fought hard for its share of the growing travel and tourism market and has done remarkably well, and is now seen as an industry that can make a significant contribution to the economy of the country. The Caravan Club also extends their brand as a franchise development, in the form of a Certified Location, which is a 5-van site for the exclusive use of Caravan Club members. They are covered by a special Act of Parliament and need no site licence or formal planning permission. They can be on a farm or smallholding, at a pub or golf course, even on land attached to your house. If you think bigger; Affiliated Sites are a core part of The Caravan Club network, and benefit from close association with The Club. Affiliated sites remain independently owned or managed, and retain responsibility for bookings and pricing. Affiliated Sites have direct access to The Club, via the Regional Manager, who will be only too pleased to help and advise on operating and developing the site. Affiliated Sites are also featured on the website, in the Sites Directory and Handbook and in the Site Collection brochures. In return, Affiliated Sites pay an annual fee, negotiated as part of a two year agreement based on location, facilities and size. If your business is, or will be, certified by the Northern Ireland Tourist Board (NITB) as a provider of tourist accommodation, or if your business has commercial revenue streams from the supply of a priority tourism product or service, Invest NI is able to offer support as part of DETI. Invest NI supporting you we will adopt a twin track approach with advice and support for strategic and process improvement (Capability) and financial support for product development (Capital). Mr Murphy, who is an adviser to the Tax Justice Network and the TUC on taxation and economic issues, said he believed it was extremely unlikely corporation tax would be devolved to Northern Ireland due to European Union rules He added that if there was a different tax rate in NI it would put a barrier to trade between Northern Ireland and Great Britain DEPARTMENT CONSIDERATION; MOTORHOME TOURISM. Representatives of the sector have been in contact with NITB and the department both directly and through elected representatives. Concerns are understood to be: (i) Access to vehicle parking; and ii) The provision of services specifically for motor home tourists known as ‘aires de service’. The provision of motor home facilities in Northern Ireland is governed by the Caravan Act (1963), all facilities for touring caravans or motor homes must conform with the requirements of the act. Councils have a key role to play in the resolution of these concerns relating to the provision o f parking (and services) in Council-run tourism amenity car parks. NITB and DETI Officials have met with motor home lobbyists on a number of occasions to obtain an understanding of the issues faced by motor home tourists and what might be done to address these. In September 2008 NITB facilitated a seminar for representatives of the motor home sector and local Councils. This was a positive step as motor home lobbyists had previously found Councils to be relatively unforthcoming regarding motor home parking and service provision in their respective areas. In May 2009 NITB facilitated a further follow up seminar for Councils at which a representative from the UK Caravan Club presented to Councils regarding key lessons in respect of motor home parking and service provision. NITB and DETI Officials met again with one of the representatives on Thursday 28th May 2009, when she reiterated her concerns regarding: Car parking facilities for motor home users; and the provision of services to motor home users in Northern Ireland. In correspondence in June 2009 with an elected representative on behalf of the Northern Ireland Motor Home Association, Minister Foster has asked Robert Cully, Director of Business Development at the Northern Ireland Tourist Board to arrange a meeting to discuss motorhomes. Part of the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment, Invest NI offers the Northern Ireland business community a single organization providing high quality services, programmes, support and expert advice. Its business advisors are located in Enterprise Agencies in each district council area of Northern Ireland. Invest NI is committed to helping tourism enterprises boost the contribution of tourism to the economy in ways that enhance the visitor experience and nurture a culture of quality, government agencies must work hand in hand to complete the Tourism strategy and attract investment to NI. pic] ECONOMIC When the UK economy first entered a recession in mid-2008, this had a damaging impact across each of the UK regions and on all sectors of the economy. Unemployment rose, the previously buoyant property market crashed and consumer confidence reached an all-time low. The impacts of the downturn are still being felt today and are forecast to continue as the Coalition Government implements curbs on public spending as part of its plan to manage one of the largest UK budget deficits in history. The Caravan Club had a 15 year steady rise in growth to its record high in 2009, this pre dates and includes the recession. (Tourism Insights) By 2012 it is estimated that around ? 300m will have been invested in tourism over the preceding five years on major projects including the likes of the Titanic Signature Building, Giant’s Causeway Visitor Experience, Ulster Museum and the Ulster Hall. NITB chief executive Alan Clarke says its research shows that for every pound the agency spent on promotion it got ? 14 back into the Northern Ireland economy. Tourism offers incomparable potential to generate growth and create jobs across Northern Ireland. As a labour intensive industry it brings employment to all regions, new facilities to our towns and cities, creates opportunities in rural areas and is a source of pride for the people of Northern Ireland. To help the tourism industry achieve our goals those in the business need to collectively position challenges and priorities. The Draft Tourism Strategy for NI to 2020 was published for public consultation in February 2010. In view of the significance of tourism to the local economy, the Minister invited all stakeholders to consider the consultation and contribute to the development of NI’s future tourism policy. The consultation period ended on 20 May 2010. The growth in targets would be achieved by: †¢ Increasing visitors from 3. 2million to 4. 5million by 2020 †¢ Increasing earnings from tourism by ? 520million to ? 1billion by 2020 †¢ Progressively accelerating spend by visitors †¢ Targeting specific markets and market segments †¢ Supporting indigenous high quality businesses to grow Being visitor inspired in all our actions The strategy was accompanied by a detailed action plan that included timescales for achievement. (NITB, 2010) There has been strong potential for growth in the Northern Ireland economy. The economy benefited from the Northern Ireland peace process, although rapid growth was evident even in the decade before the Good Friday Agreement. Northern Irel and retains a number of strengths: †¢ a relatively young population and a high quality education and training system by UK standards; †¢ Competitive labour costs , below the UK average; An increasingly flexible and responsive skills system; †¢ A successful track record in attracting inward investment though Invest NI; †¢ 100 per cent broadband coverage; †¢ Good transport links internally and with Ireland and the rest of the UK; †¢ A relatively low crime rate for most crimes compared to the UK average; and †¢ Strong tourism potential and an attractive natural environment. (Rebalancing the Northern Ireland Economy) Rebalancing the economy, with greater emphasis on private sector growth, is a long term objective for the next 25 years. Important things to know about the Caravan industry NI The caravan sector is a significant and important part of the tourism industry- the 4th fastest growth area in the UK economy. Over 90,000 people in the UK work in the caravan industry which encompasses a diverse range of career business opportunities including caravan parks, manufacturers and dealerships. The caravan sector makes a significant contribution to the 5. 6% of the Northern Ireland workforce working in tourism. The caravan holiday parks in Northern Ireland accounted for over ? 3. 65 million GVA in 2008. 3% of the sector work full time; 14% part time; 14% are self-employed. Holiday habits have changed to accommodate the increased amount of free leisure time and demographic trends in the population which favours the caravan industry. There are approximately 15,000 static Caravan/holiday home pitches and 3,000 touring pitches (including 1,000 for tents) in Northern Ireland. The NITB Tourism Barometer for June 2010 indi cates that the majority (55%) of caravan and camping establishments are experiencing growth in the volume of bed nights overall, primarily driven by the domestic market. The Sector Skills Council for the Active Leisure, Learning and Well Being sector invited caravan park owners from across Northern Ireland to discuss their training and development needs with a number of key stakeholders, such as, Awarding bodies, Training providers, NITB, Department for Employment Learning, Caravan Industry Training (CITO). As facilitators of this meeting, SkillsActive aim to increase the understanding of the Northern Ireland caravan industry from both an employer context and from the wider strategic context. The main meeting aims will be: †¢ Increase our understanding of the NI Caravan Sector from an economic, employer and skills context. †¢ Provide an overview of the current training skills landscape including potential funding opportunities for developing the workforce skills of the caravan industry. †¢ Begin to explore how providers and caravan park owners can work together to improve access to affordable and appropriate training. Corporation Tax Debate: The main rate of UK corporation tax is 28%, double that in the Irish Republic. The latest draft Treasury paper has said such a move would, on its own, be likely to have a positive effect on local private sector investment. It added that it could play a significant role in helping rebalance the NI economy. Secretary of State, Owen Paterson said he had listened to many businesses in NI. They are absolutely convinced it would help them, he said. â€Å"It wouldnt just bring in new investment; it would really radically help some of the very high class businesses weve already got. A think tank set up to advise the executive research showed that while a cut in corporation tax could boost employment the precise benefits of a reduction remained unclear. NI has less than a third of the high quality foreign investment south of the border. Due to EU rules mean the tax cut would mean a significant reduction in the budget given to the Stormont Executive. PwCs investigation into the impact of Corporation Tax on FDI was prompted by a commitment from the UK coalition government to offer the NI Executive powers to rebalance the economy. Its report Corporation Tax Game Changer, or Game Over? says that overseas investors already in the UK, rank corporation tax as 17th in a list of investment drivers, that prioritise, in order: language, culture and values; infrastructure; skills; and proximity to markets. PwCs chief economist in Northern Ireland, Dr Esmond Birnie, said that in terms of its attractiveness to foreign investment, Northern Ireland already performed relatively well in terms of employment creation. In 2009, with around 3% of the UK population, Northern Ireland secured 10. % of all the new FDI (foreign direct investment) jobs that came into the UK, he said. The grants that Invest NI can hand out are being significantly cut, so the question is whats the alternative? There are no statistics for the number of motor homes brought to Northern Ireland (or the Republic of Ireland) by tourists. It is therefore not possible to make an assessment of the economic contribution of this sector. However, the statistics w hich are available illustrate that this is a growing sector with, for example, a 68% increase in motor home registrations in the UK during the period 2002 to 2008. Product Partnerships (November 2010) Partnerships or strategic alliances play a key role in helping to boost revenue across a number of sectors. The tourism sector in particular lends itself well to partnerships and brings with it advantages and economies of scale for promotion and providing an enhanced visitor experience. Both large and small operators can often get lost in the myriad of promotional avenues and channels. Partnerships create greater visibility than what can be achieved by operators acting alone. This publication provides insight into partnerships and intends to inform the reader about the purpose of partnerships in the tourism sector, examples of successful partnerships, and best practice for how tourism operators can create and sustain partnerships. It aims to incite tourism professionals to work collaboratively to raise the quality of the visitor experience and understand their role in the visitor journey as well as build networks to enable them to grow and cluster more products in partnership [pic] NI to NI †¢ The growth we saw in 2009 has continued in the first half of this year, although to a lesser extent. Trips grew by one fifth, and there was over 100,000 additional home visitors compared with last year. †¢ So far they have spent ? 89m which is ? 2m more than in 2009. †¢ The trend for shorter 1-3 night breaks at home continued, increasing by over 50% compared with Jan-June 2009. †¢ Longer (4+ night) holidays declined (-12%). Rest of report highlig hted below: Domestic performance was strong up to July 2010, however the declines evident for trips taken in August 2010 continued into September, although they were less significant. This follows strong growth in August and September 2009 compared with the same months in 2008. Social Staycation is a relatively new word combining the words stay and vacation to describe the trend of holidaying or vacationing at home and locally due to the tough economic climate. Over two thirds of people asked said they will choose to holiday in the UK instead which is great news for the UK holiday industry. Decisions were influenced by poor exchange rates, impact of increasing Air Passenger Duty, environmental concerns and positive UK weather predictions. These findings are supported the strong rise in self catering bookings, and There is renewed optimism that 2011 will be an even better year for caravans than 2010 was. In the current economic climate, the rise of the staycation grew to prominence as more and more families and friends swapped the holiday abroad for a break on the British coast or amongst the verdant countryside. This saw the caravan industry enjoy a renaissance of sorts and, ahead of the annual Caravan Extravaganza (National Caravan Council) – thought to be one of the biggest exhibitions of its kind – optimism amongst organisers is igh. David Ritchie, one of the organisers of the event said: It has been a much better year than last year when a number of companies went into administration. Most have come out again and the outlook is a lot better. But of course theres a lot of nervousness. With more travel companies going bust more people seem to want to have holidays in the UK so thats good for the carava n industry. With caravan dealers and caravan park owners arriving from all over the UK, and Europe, it is thought there will be plenty of business conducted during the event. This might lead to an increase in requests for caravan insurance. Last year, the Yorkshire Post report that 24,000 people attended and it is estimated that ? 100million worth of business will be conducted in the first five days.. Businesses are able to use positive action to target their goods, facilities or services to a particular group that is either disadvantaged or currently under-represented in their consumer base, or that has particular needs. Businesses should research their potential consumer base to work out which, if any, groups are under-represented, as they may wish to target these groups. Do not just assume that a particular group is under-represented. Market trends Figures released by the NCC showed that a total of 7,362 touring caravans were produced between September and November last year, which represented a 14. 1% increase over the total in those months during 2009. This brought the moving-annual-total (m-a-t), at the end of November 2010, to 26,005 tourers, 28. 5% above the figure at the same point twelve months previously. Invoiced sales, from the factory gate, between September and November 2010 totalled 7,049 tourers, 12. % higher than for the same months in 2009. This left the m-a-t of invoiced sales at 25,420 tourers, 23. 7% above the total twelve months previously. Retail sales between September and November 2010 totalled 8,620 tourers, 2. 6% higher than during those three months in 2009. At the present time, a moving-annual-total is not available as the dataset is still building Community spiritSociety is currently being slandered as dangerous, selfish a nd, essentially, falling apart. Caravanning, on the other hand, restrains and embraces it’s traditional vibe of community spirit. There are local clubs that act under the umbrella of the Caravan Club, and these hold rallies where members meet, sometimes for themed rallies and sometimes just for the sake of being somewhere different for the weekend. ? There are 70 Centres (Local groups) throughout England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales and they are the core of The Caravan Club community. If you are keen to pursue your interest and to spend time with likeminded caravanners your Centre has lots on offer. ? The majority of Centre activities, and the most popular, are rallies. A rally is a gathering of Club members meeting in a friendly and social atmosphere. Although it has in the past had a bad name Jeremy Clarkson has a known hatred for caravans, and holiday makers dislike getting stuck behind caravan-car convoys – recent technological advancements and an increasing desire amongst the public to see the world at their own leisure has meant that caravanning is quickly becoming a popular way to travel. Many caravanning enthusiasts love the chances they get to meet new people, to see new places, and to feel part of a big extended family of fellow caravan fans. The truth is if own a caravan and stop to spend the night at a caravan park, chances are you will get to talking with other holiday-makers and you will quickly form bonds and lasting friendships. Technological The Caravan Clubs aim or brand may not have changed in these years but the ways in which people communicate and gather information have changed dramatically due to computer technology advancement. Facebook An innovative way for brands to work with web communities is to use them as an online focus group whose views and opinions go on to shape product development. Social networking sites bring together like-minded people who can be your advocates. Build a Presence. Connect with your audience, share your story and participate in real-time conversations quickly and easily on Facebook. Be personal not promotional. Social media networks like Facebook, Twitter, Yelp, LinkedIn, and company blogs all show up in analytic programs such as Bit. ly and Google Analytics as referring links. Check out and benchmark before starting a campaign and watch the referring link traffic quality grow. Involving your users and keeping the site interesting and inviting. It will give you a major boost as knowledge grows and builds your online community. Members can keep in touch at all times. Promoting various Club sites to one another. Giving advice and getting advice, so there is added value. You get knowledge and on-going information in what people want to know or want help with. Identifying customer’s thoughts feelings and concerns. Twitter – lets users create formal friendships which collectively establish numerous and interconnected network of users. In addition Twitter works well with mobile phones and other SMS clients, making it easy to tweet virtually anywhere. Tweets can be used as a form of real time research. An account with Twitter would help drive members and non-members through to Caravan Club website. Not only does Twitter give you a chance to monitor, but it also gives you a chance to provide instant customer service. This is where The Caravan Club are letting rival companies, take market share as ‘Tomorrow will soon be code for too late’. The website hosts over four million visitors per annum and has 200,000 registered users. Caravan Club members made more than 300,000 online bookings during 2007 and over seven million Site searches. 0,000 members have used The Club’s Online Trader and it is one of the largest online trading services for caravans and motor caravans in the UK. Information and communication systems embedded in a global net have profound influence on the travel and tourism industry. (JITT) To respond to members increasing requirement for internet access when away from home, The Caravan Club is almo st doubling the number of sites offering Wi-Fi coverage, while at the same time upgrading the service at existing ones. The great joy of caravanning is the chance to travel that it brings. With caravan sites all across Europe, these days the possibilities for caravan holidays have greatly broadened. Satellite television, microwave ovens and all the other technological advances have made caravanning even more appealing, to the extent that it’s common to see long queues of caravans on the roads almost every weekend. Caravanning allows for spontaneity. If you don’t like a site or an area you can simply drive on and find somewhere else. If the weather’s bad there’s somewhere to stay out of the rain-or you can simply turn around and go home. Caravanning has changed the way we view holidays. It’s become an industry worth ? 1 billion each year, which says a great deal about its importance, and its growth. Legal . OFMDFM has implemented the following policies and procedures with regard to Employment and Management of Staff: †¢ Registration all private sector employers with more than 10 full-time employees (working more than 16 hours per week) are required to register with the Equality Commission. Specified public sector employers are automatically deemed to be registered. The Fair Employment and Treatment (Northern Ireland) Order 1998 (FETO) makes it unlawful to discriminate against someone on the ground of religious belief or political opinion. This includes a person’s supposed religious belief or political opinion and the absence of any, or any particular, religious belief or political opinion. †¢ Gender Equality the Belfast Agreement has a vision of a â€Å"peaceful, cohesive, inclusive prosper ous and fair society, firmly founded on the achievement of reconciliation, tolerance and mutual trust, and the protection and vindication of the human rights of all. This is based on â€Å"partnership, equality and mutual respect as the basis of relationships. † †¢ Racial Equality and Good Relations NI Vision ‘A society in which racial diversity is supported, understood, valued and respected, where racism in any of its forms is not tolerated and where we can all live together as a society and enjoy equality of opportunity and equal protection. The aim of this Unit is to promote racial equality in Northern Ireland. It has central responsibility for policy relating to people from minority ethnic backgrounds. Sex Discrimination and Equal Pay the anti-discrimination branch has responsibility for providing and updating legislation which tackles unfair discrimination on the basis of a person’s gender. The Caravan Club must adhere to all NI regulations, as some may differ the rest of the UK. All private sector employers with more than 10 full-time employees (working more than 16 hours per week) are required to register with the Equality Commission. Specified public sector employers are automatically deemed to be registered. The Fair Employment and Treatment (Northern Ireland) Order 1998 (FETO) makes it unlawful to discriminate against someone on the ground of religious belief or political opinion. This includes a person’s supposed religious belief or political opinion and the absence of any, or any particular, religious belief or political opinion. Disability Action is the only Northern Ireland-wide, pan-disability organisation working with people with various disabilities; physical, mental, sensory and hidden. This work is important, as one in five people in Northern Ireland has a disability. Disability Action aims to ensure that people with disabilities attain their full rights as citizens. It offers a range of services to businesses including Access Auditing, Disability Diversity Training, Communications Auditing and Policy Advice. These services are available throughout Northern Ireland. Pertinent information is the lifeblood of businesses. Regulations such as health and safety , licenses and contacts specific to tourism; nibusinessinfo. co. k provides an immediate, accurate and free source of up to the minute information covering all major areas of business and commercial activity. The site allows businesses to keep actively informed about all current changes and updates within their sector. Environmental. The Caravan club is the market leader of its type, with 56% market share. It has a very strong etho’s and standards of excellance for its 1 million members. The Caravan Clubs Sites network contains a huge and valuable wildlife resource by providing habitats for diverse species of flora and fauna some of which are endangered. The Caravan Club take our stewardship of this land and its residents very seriously and in 2002 embarked on a programme of wildlife audits on Club Sites using professional ecologists (JUST ECOLOGY) an initiative which has been welcomed by staff and members alike as it ties in with their own interests and concerns about the natural world. The Caravan Club has developed alliances with a number of organisations we believe have shared interests. We work with these groups on a wide range of initiatives for mutual benefit, as well as to ensure we offer members a choice of enjoyable holiday activities, these groups include- The National Cycle Network which offers 12,600 miles of signed cycle routes throughout the UK. †¢ RSPB; The Club is the Species Champion of the Song Thrush, and sponsors the RSPB’s protection of the bird. †¢ The National Trust †¢ The Heritage Center. †¢ The Woodland Trust. We also work with closely with UK tourism bodies (including VisitBritai n, VisitEngland, VisitScotland, VisitWales and the Northern Ireland Tourist Board) to promote domestic tourism. The Caravan Club is an active member of he Tourism Alliance, the Scottish Tourism Forum and the Wales Tourism Alliance. Gaining Investor in People status, increases the productivity of ‘The Caravan Club’ by improving the way in which organisations manage and develop their people, leading to business improvement and better public services. All stakeholders would benefit from an Investor in people Award. o Use Investors in People to improve the core area of the business that affects everything the company does, namely its employees. (Reduce turnover of Seasonal f/t staff. ) (Case study Pontins) Encourage more volunteers. o Forest service NI Have already gained Investor in People status, as do all government agencies that the club would be affiliated with in NI. Truly motivated staff can make all the difference to a business. [pic] [pic] Evaluation Creating qual ity visitor experience in NI depends on the actions of many government departments as well as individual businesses such as The Caravan Club. The potential to grow must strike a balance between development and conservation; sustainability must be a guiding concept. The rural development strategy realises the need for diversification both in farming and forestry. As the forest service actively develops activity tourism establishing a commercial partnership with the club and its many members can only lead to the high quality provision of tourism facilities throughout Ulster. Santander Bizguides are designed to help you start-up and grow your business, in their BIZguides section they note that the caravan sector has been on a steady rise since 2000 and are giving helpful information on how to start a Caravan park. Industry trends have been on the rise and things just seem to be getting more fashionable for example –Glamping. If we continue to encourage the development of mutually supportive activities, commercial; such as Arts/heritage visits, food, and transport, developmental; such as simple information distribution to the development of cultural sector venues within tourist servicing establishments, and also non-commercial. This will facilitate the development of awareness and understanding between the cultural and tourism trade, to provide a shared context for cultural tourism development. Culture and heritage is something that NI has an abundance of, to encourage networking and the building of relationships with the community and private sectors is the way forward for The Caravan Club and any strategic alliances it makes in NI. The development of ‘niche’ accommodation products, glamping pods, yurts are all on market trend, to do this in association with The Caravan Club, with their standards of excellence can only be a good investment, both for Dard and Franchisees. Providing a seamless link via the new website and ‘mobi’ platform, between Club sites, service providers and the cultural sector will bring an influx of members to Ulster. The linkage with accommodation sector (Caravan Club) is a fantastic start point for marketing, leading to new community enterprise opportunities. The Northern Ireland Tourist Board has launched its 2011/2012 Events Funding Programme, which is designed to support home-grown and international events between 1 April 2011 and 31 March 2012. Northern Ireland has enjoyed 10 years of growth in tourism and is now seen as an industry that can make a significant contribution to the economy of the country. According to the NI Tourism strategy supporting evidence, what makes NI special is the quality of the experience and any development must be sensitive to this. Overall, it is in conclusion that there are many underdeveloped source markets, such as poor utilisation of accommodation stock. Camping and Caravan parks had often been overlooked when considering accommodation supply. DARD recognises the need for diversification with farms into the tourism and hospitality, the CC can also offer assistance with this with small franchise agreements. The Caravan Club and DCAL have created a strategic alliance to run forest park NI caravan sites to their exemplary standards. The Forestry Bill came into operation on 13th September 2010 which from the supports a wider role for forestry in modern society allowing the Department to obtain better value from the forest estates. According to NITB research, during 2009, 236,300 visitors took part in an activity or outdoor adventure, Caravan Club members support for other aspects of the rural tourism offering is significant. Issues and research findings. Using EPISTLE and SWOT analysis the following points have been found as the main issues: †¢ The 2012 Olympic Games in London will increase the number of tourists wanting to stay in the British Isles. †¢ The Olympics will not boost N. I economy and the benefits of the 2012 London Games have been â€Å"exaggerated†, according to the Sports Minister. The Caravan Club needs to update their online technology to keep up to date with today and future key communication trends. Absences of this are enabling main competitors using this to their advantage. †¢ The Caravan Club had a 15 year steady rise in growth to its record high in 2009; this pre dates and includes the recession. (Tourism Insights) †¢ In 2008, the Northern Ireland Passenger Su rvey (NIPS) indicated that, of the ? 540 million spent by overseas and domestic tourists, 33% of this was spent on food and drink, equalling ? 178. 2 million. This was the largest spend category – (even beating accommodation! ) – revealing the importance of food and drink to the visitor. †¢ Tourism in Northern Ireland (NI) is worth an estimated ? 889m, or some 3. 7% of the Gross Value Added of NI. Going forward, tourism, and its supporting industries, is projected to be the key driver for economic growth contributing significantly to both job and wealth creation. (Tourism insights) †¢ Most want to read independent reviews, from other travellers or peer-reviews when considering a new destination. Online blogs and consumer reports are the new ‘word of mouth’. SHORT BREAKS INSIGHT SEPTEMBER 2009) †¢ Almost 4 out of every 5 UK short breaks are booked direct. Do-it-yourself online planning and booking is now the accepted norm with the use of travel agents in sharp decline. ( SHORT BREAKS INSIGHT SEPTEMBER 2009) †¢ GB is NI’s second biggest source of visitors; just behind the domestic market. However, it generates the largest amount (40%) of NI‘s total tourism revenue. †¢ The ‘search for the authentic’ is a top trend and people are more attracted to a unique experience within a destination rather than just the destination itself. 2008 and 2009 saw big shifts in travel patterns, with fewer business travellers and more holidays at home. (detini. gov) Bibliography Quote; Michelle Gildernew MLA. (2010). Forest Service Press Releases 2010 Assembly agrees Consideration Stage of the Forestry Bill. Retrieved 2011, from www. dardni. gov. uk/forestservice: /www. dardni. gov. uk/forestservice .businesslink. gov. uk/. (2011). Retrieved from . businesslink. gov. uk/. Alistair Craven. (n. d. ). Emerald Management First. A sense of urgency; Interview with John Kotter . CAIN. (updated 2011). Retrieved from CAIN: http://cain. ulst. ac. uk/ni/tourism. htm cultural tourism. (2010). developing belfasts opportunity. belfast. DETI. (2008-2011). Tourism Policy. Retrieved 2011, from DETI: http://www. detini. gov. uk/deti-tourism-index. htm finance. (2011). Retrieved from bized: http://www. bized. co. uk/educators/level2/finance/activity/sources11. htm NITB. (2010). Draft Tourism Strategy for Northern Ireland to 2020. nitb -Insight Series. (2010). Events -Gaining sponsorship/maximising partners. Belfast: NITB. nitb. (2009). knowing the visitor. tourism facts . nitb. Northern Ireland Assembly debates, 17 January 2011. (n. d. ). Retrieved 2011, from They work for you; Parlamentry Debates NI assembly: http://www. theyworkforyou. com/ni/? id=2011-01-17. 6. 2 (2010). northern ireland tourism strategy, supporting evidence. belfast. Rebalancing the Northern Ireland Economy. (n. d. ). Retrieved from HM TREASURY: http://www. hm-treasury. gov. uk/d/rebalancing_the_northern_ireland_economy_consultation. pdf Secretary, u. d. (2011, march 04). (l. gorman, Interviewer) (2009 and 2010). United Kingdom Tourism Survey . Washko, T. (n. d. ). Business know- how: Definitions of marketing. Retrieved 2010, from Business Know-how. com. williams, n. (2011, march 04). chairman ulster division. (l. gorman, Interviewer) LEGAL Draft Planning Policy Statement 16 New Planning Policy to Assist Tourist Key planning policies to assist businesses and tourism development across Northern Ireland have been launched. Draft PPS 16 has been launched in response to the challenges of future tourism growth, by providing up-to-date planning policy for tourism development in both urban and rural locations throughout Northern Ireland. The policy also aims to safeguard the natural and built environment from harmful developments that may be detrimental to the tourism industry In summary, draft PPS 16 proposes: †¢ The removal of the tourist needs test, which is applied to tourist accommodation applications in the countryside; †¢ Sets out the circumstances in which hotels, self-catering units and holiday parks are permitted in the countryside; †¢ Provides for minor extensions to existing static holiday or caravan parks in the countryside and for new small-scale touring sites Draft PPS 16 provides for tourist amenities in the countryside that are not suited to an urban or village location, such as angling centres †¢ Includes design criteria that will be used to assess all applications for tourism development to ensure sustainable, safe and high quality tourism schemes Bibliography (2010). northern ireland tourism strategy, supporting evidence. belfast. .businesslink. gov. uk/. (2011). Retrieved from . businesslink. gov. uk/. finance. (2011). Retrieved from bized: http://www. bized. co. uk/educators/level2/finance/activity/sources11. htm Alistair Craven. (n. d. ). Emerald Management First. A sense of urgency; Interview with John Kotter. cultural tourism. (2010). developing belfasts opportunity. belfast. nitb. (2009). knowing the visitor. tourism facts. nitb. nitb -Insight Series. (2010). Events -Gaining sponsorship/maximising partners. Belfast: NITB. Secretary, u. d. (2011, march 04). (l. gorman, Interviewer) CAIN. (updated 2011). Retrieved from CAIN: http://cain. ulst. ac. uk/ni/tourism. htm Washko, T. (n. d. ). Business know- how: Definitions of marketing. Retrieved 2010, from Business Know-how. com. williams, n. (2011, march 04). chairman ulster division. (l. gorman, Interviewer)

Oliver Twist free essay sample

Oliver Twist was written by English author, Charles Dickens. Charles was one of the best novelists in English literature. This book is about Oliver Twist, an orphan who leaves a workhouse and goes to London. There he meets the Artful Dodger, the head leader of a gang of juvenile pickpockets. Oliver is unaware to their unlawful activities. Oliver Twist, a young child, was the novel’s protagonist and stands out as the main character in this story. Oliver’s real, complete identity was a mystery in the novel. From what I gathered, he is an innocent and poor orphan boy who was born in a workhouse. Throughout the book, Oliver was surrounded by coarseness and cruelty. Even though he was treated badly, he is a charming, innocent child. In many ways, it’s hard to find Oliver’s character believable. He was raised in such corrupt surroundings, but his virtue and purity are absolute. We will write a custom essay sample on Oliver Twist or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even when Oliver was manipulated and abused, he doesn’t become indignant. Oliver does not represent a picture of a boy that is torn between good and evil but instead, he is goodness incarnate. Some characteristics that I appreciate of Oliver’s is that he had the courage and was brave enough to run away to London, even though he was still such a young boy. Another characteristic I appreciated was that even though Oliver grew up in a terrible environment and was abused all the time, he didn’t let that get to him. Oliver was still innocent, charming and pure. He doesn’t even know what evil is and can’t even comprehend it. I think it is good for himself that he is so naive, but on the other hand it’s not good to be ignorant because he needs to know of what is going on around him, as he lives in such an evil environment. Oliver has such amazing moral values, which even the idea of stealing horrors him. His good nature must come from instinct, because he could not have learned how to behave from the workhouse. I believe Charles Dickens was inspired for writing about Oliver Twist because of his own childhood. Dickens wrote about the real world. He didn’t write about higher or middles classes, he wrote about the people and kids that were struggling during his time. He used a lot of the same ideas in the novel that he had to go through as a kid. I think the reason being is so that readers can see what it was like to live in his time. My personal evaluation is that the book, Oliver Twist, was an incredible book. Though it was very sad at some parts, it really made me think of the world we live in today. I can’t explain how much Oliver, as a person, has changed my views in a lot of ways. Despite being treated horribly, he still had such a graceful and pure positive outlook on life that I find to be inspiring. In some ways, it kind of shows that no matter what anyone goes through, they should remain positive and look on the bright side of their situation. His character almost didn’t feel real, because I’ve never seen or met someone with his characteristics.

How to Study for a Law School Exam

How to Study for a Law School Exam In most instances, your grade in a course will depend entirely on one law school exam. If that sounds like a lot of pressure, well, quite frankly, it is, but theres good news! Some people in your class have to get As, so you might as well be one of them. The following five steps will help you ace any law school exam: Difficulty: Hard Time Required: Three months Heres How: Study all semester long.Be a diligent student throughout the semester by doing all the assigned reading, taking great notes, reviewing them after each week, and participating in class discussions. Law professors love to talk about seeing the forest for the trees; at this point you should focus on those trees, the main concepts your professor is covering. You can place them in the forest later.Join a study group.A great way to be sure youre understanding key concepts throughout the semester is to go over the readings and lectures with other law students. Through study groups, you can prepare for future classes by discussing assignments and fill in gaps in your notes from past lectures. It may take you a little while to find fellow students you click with, but its worth the effort. Not only will you be more prepared for the exam, youll also get used to talking out loud about cases and conceptsparticularly great if your professor uses the Socratic Method.Outline.Leading up to the readin g period, you should have a good grasp of major concepts, so now its time to pull them all together into the forest, if you will, in course outlines. Organize your outline based on the syllabus or your casebooks table of contents and fill in blanks with information from your notes. If you dont want to leave this until just before the exam, do it gradually throughout the semester; start a document with the major concepts, leaving large blank areas that you can fill in with information as you review it from your notes at the end of each week. Use past exams of professors to prepare.Many professors put past exams (sometimes with model answers) on file in the library; if your professor does so, be sure to take advantage. Past exams tell you what your professor considers the most important concepts in the course, and if a sample answer is included, be sure to study the format and copy it as best you can when you attempt other practice questions. If your professor offers review sessions or office hours, be sure to come prepared with a good understanding of past exams, which are also great for study group discussion.Improve your test-taking skills by learning from your past exams.If youve already been through a semester or more of law school exams, one of the best ways to improve your performance is by studying your past performances. If you can get copies of your exams, look at your answers and the model answers carefully. Note where you lost points, where you did the best, and also think back to how and when you preparedwhat worked and what may have been a waste of your time. Also be sure to analyze your exam-taking techniques as well, for example, did you use your time wisely during the test? What You Need: CasebookNotesOutlineTime

Financial Market Assessment Bahrain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial Market Assessment Bahrain - Essay Example The Index of Economic Freedom measures countries against a list of 50 independent variables divided into 10 broad factors of economic freedom. Low scores are more desirable. The higher the score, the greater the level of government interference in the economy and the less economic freedom a country enjoys. These 50 variables are grouped into ten categories: Trade policy, Fiscal burden of government, Government intervention in the economy, Monetary policy, Capital flows and foreign investment, Banking and finance, Wages and prices, Property rights, Regulation, and Informal market activity. As shown in Table 1, Bahrain ranked 20th of 155 countries (North Korea is 155th). Using the table, we can make a quick comparison of Bahrain and Hong Kong (HKG), the country with the highest economic freedom, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Bahrain's closest competitor for the title of the Middle East's financial capital. As Table 1 shows, Bahrain had the same scores as HKG in five out of ten categories, but in one of these (Fiscal burden), it scored higher (meaning, it performed worse) than the UAE, which is developing Dubai to compete with Bahrain. Since our paper is a study of Bahrain's competitive weaknesses in financial markets, we have a tool we can use to know what it should fix if it wants to win the competition with Dubai. The comparison with the United States gives us a better idea of how Bahrain fares in economic freedom. The U.S. is ahead only by a margin of two: better in three categories: Trade policy, Government intervention, and Informal market; worse in one: Fiscal burden; and tied in the rest. We now look briefly at where Bahrain did well. Then, by focusing on those where it scored badly, we can come out with the basic tools to analyze the degree of openness of Bahrain's financial sector. Bahrain's Good Points1 Bahrain scored well in four areas: monetary policy, banking and finance, wages and prices, and property rights. The main reasons for these are: Monetary Policy. Measured on the basis of the weighted average annual inflation rate of 0.04 percent, Bahrain is stable. Banking and Finance. Bahrain's banking and finance sector has very few restrictions. It is relatively easy to establish a bank; there are few, if any, restrictions or requirements on new banks; and foreign banks are welcome. At the end of 2003, there were 25 commercial banks, mostly foreign, and foreigners and Bahrainis alike have ready access to credit on market terms. The banking system is sound and undergoes examination and supervision by the Bahrain Monetary Agency (BMA), which has a solid international reputation. Efforts are being made to increase the liquidity of the Bahrain Stock Exchange (BSE), which opened in 1989. The government allows Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) nationals to own 100% stakes in firms listed on the BSE and increased the proportion that could be owned by other foreigners to 49%. The Minister of Commerce has announced that ownership for non-GCC nationals will be increased to 100% by end-2005. Wages and Prices. Bahrain, despite issuing a minimum wage law, improved its wages and prices regimes in the past year, reducing its influence over setting of domestic prices. It liberalized its telecommunications sector, where it had monopoly power, and reduced state power over

Three short essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Three short essays - Essay Example This will indeed reflect on the performance of the firm as growing, startling or diminishing. Managerial capitalism as Chandler suggests, is a structure where an enterprise is controlled with managerial skills (Chandler and Alfred, 1984:476). This is a system that has been used by a number of organisations and firms since the nineteenth century, especially in the United States and Great Britain. As a fact, the stakeholders and owners are not in control of their enterprise. Therefore, the performance of an enterprise will solely depend on the managers. The administration of all activities in an enterprise is the work of the managers, which is reflected on the end results. Managers that have apt managerial skills are on the forefront of recording success in an enterprise. As such, they will give adorable results in each financial year. However, managers that do not have the required skills are likely to reflect negative results. On the other hand, Taylorism is a form of management wher e main objectives of an enterprise or firm are stipulated for economic efficiency (Dunning and Boyd, 2003:129). In this type of management, labour productivity is instilled by using scientific forms which have analysed ways of flowing activities. In such a manner, most of the activities of a firm are done according to the laid out criterion. Similarly, some organisations chose to use Fordism and bureaucracy in management. Fordism involves industrialised forms of production, which are geared towards making a massive production. These forms are mostly industrialised to make work easier. However, bureaucracy in management involves an administration that executes legal rules and enforces them to make an achievement in the organisation. These administration rules are socially organised by the administration. All these managerial administrations are core concepts in controlling and managing an enterprise, which reflects on the performance. These are historical concepts that have been used by many organisations. Some organisations encompass several managerial concepts depending on how they work and the success of each one of them. Therefore, it is in the best interests of a firm to choose on the best concept to use, especially when they need to amass resources for their development (Ryrvik, 2011:62). For instance, in managerial capitalism, all the managers have the right to make decisions in a firm. The stakeholders do not have to change such decisions as they do not have a right. On the other hand, in bureaucracy management, all the stakeholders and mangers have to settle down for a unanimous decision. As such, all the people that are in the firm have to make decisions for the firm. On the other hand, Taylorism and Fordism involves scientific ways of management. These are structured ways that ensure a firm is developing accordingly. Changes are only made with reference to these scientific ways. As Hall and Soskice state, each of these methods is fundamental in makin g a firm or enterprise progress. As much as firms continue to conduct their business, some problems may occur. In such instances, there should be generations of solutions. For instance, when there is a problem in a firm that embraces Fordism and Taylorism, they have to look for structured ways that will help avert the situation. However, in a firm that embraces bureaucracy and managerial capitalism, the management is the core subject to structure the solution. Topic

Global warming affecting fashion industry

Global warming affecting fashion industry Global Warming Affecting Fashion Industry According to an interesting article in Australias The Age, global warming is wreaking havoc on the clothing industry. In many parts of the world, there just isnt as much difference between the seasons anymore and overall the trend is towards warmer weather. The clothing industry relies on delineated seasons to sell different types of apparel. But if you can wear flip flops all year long (and not just in Southern California), clothing sales will drop. Warmer weather also affects the type of fabrics designers use and the styling. It is forcing fashion houses to ditch traditional seasonal collections for transeasonal garments that may lead to a drastic overhaul of fashion show schedules and retail delivery dates. The whole fashion system will have to change, Beppe Modenese, founder of Milan Fashion Week, told The New York Times last week. The fashion system must adapt to the reality that there is no strong difference between summer and winter any more You cant have everyone showing four times a year to present the same thing. People are not prepared to invest in these clothes that, from one season to the other, use the same fabrics at the same weight. Mr Modeneses comments came as New York fashion retailers blamed a prolonged Indian summer for poor autumn sales. Who needs a woollen pea coat when it is 30 degrees-plus? So worried are some fashion houses about the impact climate change is having on the way we dress and shop, they are calling in the climate experts. The Wall Street Journal reported last month that American retail giant Liz Claiborne Inc had enlisted a New York climatologist to speak to 30 of its executives on topics ranging from the types of fabrics they should be using to the timing of retail deliveries and seasonal markdowns. Other US fashion retailer giants, including Target and Kohls, have also started using climate experts to plan their collections and schedule end-of-season sales. And from January, Target will sell swimwear year-round. Closer to home, fashion designers say they are increasingly designing transeasonal collections using lighter- weight fabrics for a more temperate climate and readjusting their in-store delivery dates in line with the unpredictable seasons. Theres really no such thing as defined autumn/winter and spring/summer collections any more, says Margaret Porritt, of Melbourne fashion label Feathers. A lot of my garments are more transeasonal and rather than dropping them into store twice a year like I used to, I tend to move things in and out of store every couple of weeks, depending on the weather. Things were different when she started the business 35 years ago. Back then winter went into store in mid-January and summer in mid-June and that was it. There was nothing in between. I also used a lot more heavier wools and made great big heavy coats. I cant do that anymore; it just doesnt get cold enough, even here in Melbourne. They just dont sell. Its true that we dont buy as much heavy winter clothing as we used to, now that we think about it. And our boot purchases have also tapered off, which is a shame since we adore boots. But unlike Mary-Kate Olsen, we just cant wear sweaters, coats and boots on an 80 degree day. We adore winter clothes: cashmere sweaters, fabulous boots, wonderful hats and a gorgeous coat all make an appearance after the first frost. The thought of living year round in shorts is appalling to us. We may have to consider moving north in the future. Wednesday, February 07, 2007 10:51 posted by BlogMeister Anxiety, Addiction and Depression Treatments American Fashion Industry Issues, Fails to Enforce Health Guidelines New Yorks February fashion week is one of the industrys most lavish, celebrated events. Amid the lights, parties and big names, it would seem to be very easy to forget the issue that has wracked fashion for the past year: the increasing prevalence of eating disorders among models and the young women they influence. Where Spains Association of Fashion Designers passed a ruling to forbid the participation of models with BMIs lower than 18 (the World Health Organization states that 18.5 or below is underweight) and asserted that display clothes be no smaller than size 8 (the average American woman wears size 14), the Council of Fashion Designers of America issued a statement containing general guidelines but no plans for direct enforcement. Among their suggestions: There should be no models under 16 and no work after midnight for models 18 and younger; the consumption of cigarettes and alcohol on location should be forbidden; statements on the early signs of eating disorders should be officially issued to those in the industry; models identified as suffering from eating disorders should be required to receive professional help; the industry should develop workshops designed to address the impact of eating disorders and the negative effects of smoking; organizers should provide healthy snacks backstage during shows. Glaringly absent from this list are any mentions of body mass or plans for enforcing the guidelines proposed within. While designer-sponsored press releases and conferences convey some degree of responsibility on the industrys behalf, they ultimately amount to little beyond empty attempts to satiate the publics desire for some form of regulation. Designers attempt to shift blame to the modeling agencies themselves which, they argue, serve as the mother(s) of the models. The idea that these agencies should control the eating habits of their models while designers continue to showcase remarkably small clothing is difficult to rationalize. In another flaccid attempt to deflect criticism, the organizations executive director claims that A lot of the girls who work the runway are genetically thin. You go backstage and you see a lot of girls eating a lot of food and theyre not gaining weight. Statements like these strain credibility, and many eating disorder advocates are not satisfied wi th the measures taken thus far, believing that PR campaigns and suggested guidelines constitute an insufficient response to a very serious problem. In a society where more than 80% of ten-year old girls describe a fear of getting fat and one in two fourth graders are currently on some kind of diet, those who are even indirectly responsible for shaping the popular conception of beauty and body image need to reassess their own principles. After viewing photos of fashion models, 70% of young women described themselves as angrier and more depressed than they had been before. In surveys, three out of four women listed an ideal size at least 10% underweight. And despite the presence of eating disorders and body image issues across the social spectrum, most insurance companies hesitate to approve treatment for these conditions, essentially making the argument that the issue is not a matter of diagnosable disease but a faulty sense of self-control. Designers, advertisers and models themselves argue that they have no control over the state of their industry and the ideals it projects they simply go along with whatever sells at the time . Who, then, is responsible, if not the producers of the very images that encourage the epidemic? PR campaigns aside, consumers and public health advocates cannot tolerate this continued reassignment of blame. The fashion industry must own up to its pivotal role in the eating disorder debate and strictly enforce regulations designed to promote healthier, more realistic lifestyles. Category: Diet , Aging and Eating Disorders

Pop Culture Archetype Comparison

The archetype of the villain is seen in many Disney fairytales and are usually one of the most important characters in the films. Shan Yu from Mulan and Scar from The Lion King although are from different backgrounds and different plots both display the same characteristics and thought processes. SIMILARITY 1-The primary similarity between Shan Yu and Scar is that they both will stop at nothing in order to conquer the land and power that they think they deserve. This is seen in Mulan, where Shan-Yu feels no hesitation when it comes to taking a life. He kills without remorse, for his own amusement. This is demonstrated when he asks â€Å"How many men does it take to deliver a message? † to which one of his henchmen replies â€Å"one† as he aims his arrow at one of two Chinese spies. This is also seen in The Lion King. Scar the evil brother of Mufasa will do anything to become King of the Pride Lands, even if it means killing his brother and his nephew Simba. Although he only succeeds in murdering Mufasa, he convinces his nephew that it was his fault, leaving Simba to live with the guilt of his father’s death and tells the cub to ‘run far away, Simba, and never come back’. SIMILARITY 2-The second similarity between Shan Yu and Scar is their similar deaths, in which the hero takes part in taking down the villain. Shan Yu gets thrown off a building by Mulan and Scar is pushed off a cliff by Simba. CONCLUSION- Therefore both characters are seen as the classic archetype villain and have many similarities such as their lust for superiority and power. However, while both characters have many similarities between them they also demonstrate some differences as well. DIFFERENCE 1- A major difference between the two characters is that Shan Yu is a Mongolian leader of the huns whereas Scar is a lion from Africa. Although Scar is not a human being, the character still demonstrates the same desire to conquer the land. DIFFERENCE 2- The second difference between Shan Yu and Scar is the means in which Scar grew up, for example growing up Scar’s father spent more time and attention on his other son Mufasa. This ultimately leads to Scar hating his brother and constantly seeking revenge against him. While, for Shan Yu, growing up because of his cultural and political background he has always hated the Chinese and wanted to take them down. However, the two characters both attempt to conquer and take down their opposing forces whether it is their family or political enemies. Relevance- The significance of the archetype of the villain in both films is that they essentially help the main character, the hero to complete a quest or journey of finding who they really are. In Mulan, if it were not because of Shan Yu and the threat of the war, then she would have never had to change her lifestyle or leave her family behind. This would not have made her the person she became towards the end of the film. The same goes for Simba, if it were not for Scar telling him his father had died and there was nothing left for him there, furthermore he was able to see how others lived and decide that he wanted to rule. Conclusion- In conclusion, while both characters are archetypes of the classic villain. They both demonstrate the same ideals and desires to be achieve total control and superiority over the people around them.

Modern day diseases

There is something almost contradictory around the idea of man-made diseases. It could easily create images of mad scientists or evil terrorists creating the ultimate In biological weaponry. At this point the conspiracy theorist In all of us starts to wonder about the origin of any number of diseases and we look over our shoulders cautiously to see if Big Brother is standing there. However, between the conspiracies and the terror campaigns is a fascinating list of diseases that could fit the criteria.Within these there has to be recognition that not all, If any, man-made diseases are created Intentionally and some are more the result f the progress of the species than of any dire plan. 10. Obesity Although It Is more than cause of disease rather than the disease Itself, It Is probably worth recognizing that obesity In the twenty-first century Is the product of a society that has removed, through changing work habits or the provision of convenience, the practices that previously kept it in check. In this way, man has made the basis off plethora of diseases.In the last twenty years, obesity rates in the developed world have virtually doubled. This has had a profound effect on the number of number of people suffering Gall Bladder Disease, Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertension and Displacement, as well as increasing a number of other health concerns. This has led to obesity being acknowledged as being virtually epidemic in its spread through and impact on the human race. There are those who are genetically disposed to obesity and for these people it remains a condition to be managed.But for the greater part of the Industrialized world, almost a third of all people are afflicted with a disease that is â€Å"caught† through inactivity, poor diet and a lack of awareness. The AIDS virus has been blamed on any number of Institutions, Just as It has on arioso species and continents. While many of us believe that Its eruption and the misery it has caused is similar to othe r dreadful epidemics, such as the Black Plague, that have afflicted the human race and whose origins have never been fully determined, there are also many who mount strong arguments for human intervention. Comate the human race. However, as it primarily attacked the homosexual community, the ravages of AIDS were mostly limited too minority. Yet it is this limitation that has raised so many questions. Was it a stroke of â€Å"luck† that AIDS began in the gay community? Or was it a planned assault on a sector of the community that offended the establishment? The circumstantial evidence has led theorists to consider the role of the American Government, the World Health Organization and even the Catholic Church as players in a diabolical scheme to rid the world of homosexuals.But as any more substantial proof is not forthcoming, it is difficult to accept that any human could inflict such tragedy on another, let alone on millions. Whether through the volume of voices raised in pro test or through the bizarre series of facts that seemed to have fallen into place to see it begin as it did, there is enough injector to consider that AIDS may have been a man-made disease.While there is little, if any, evidence to suggest that Cardiovascular Disease is the product of direct or deliberate intervention by an individual or group of scientists, it must be considered that it incidence has risen dramatically in the light of modern living. This would suggest that, while not exactly man-made, the danger and spread of the disease is clearly attributable to man's cultural and social progress. Cardiovascular Disease was the cause of less than ten per cent of deaths at the start f the twentieth century, yet today has a role in at least thirty per cent of deaths.Eight out of every ten of deaths from this disease today occur in the developed nations of the world. The causes of Cardiovascular Disease include smoking, high blood pressure, physical inactivity and poor diet. This wo uld suggest that as we have become more prone to stress, as we have lost the need to work in ways that maintain physical effort and as we have been provided with convenient food sources as opposed to healthy ones, we have become more susceptible to this disease.Man has made his life more pleasurable, convenient and comfortable, but has multitudinously made a disease that is growing in its prevalence Viruses can have a debilitating effect on susceptible organisms and when people are sick they have a tendency to look for someone to blame. While it is occasionally satisfying to growl at the dog or snarl at the cat when one isn't feeling well, the prospect of blaming a pig for a potentially fatal virus offers little comfort. On this basis, a number of broadly termed â€Å"scientifically-minded† people have decided that Swine Flu is a man-made disease.There is a strained, but compelling logic to the argument. Swine Flu is believed to be he result of a combination of four previousl y identified viruses, a Swine Flu strain from Asia/Europe, North American swine flu, North American avian flu and human different species coming together by accident is incomprehensible, so there must have been human intervention. That is, bitterroot are at work. However, with the speed and ease with which people and animals now move around the world, it is quite possible that a virus could be carried enormous distances by multiple hosts.The high rate of vaccination and immunization that occurs in the general population means that non-symptomatic arises are far more common than was once the case. The sad predicament of the pig in being susceptible to both human and bird diseases, not to mention his own collection of bugs, makes him an effective breeding ground for a huge gathering of virus component. The endpoint being a nasty virus, combining four previously known viruses, that comes from swine, that is the Swine Flu. As neat as this explanation is, the scientists can't realistical ly claim to have it all their own way.Their scenario makes sense, but the probabilities behind it must give something to the â€Å"scientifically-minded†. On this basis, the man-made versus quirk of nature argument remains a nil-all draw. Although the polio virus itself is on the brink of extinction worldwide and many governments have been considering the abolition of vaccination against the disease, US researchers were able to add it to the list of man-made diseases in 2002 by â€Å"building† the first synthetic virus based on the genome of the polio virus.That is to say, while the rest of the world celebrated the defeat of a monster, scientists put time and effort into reviving it once again. While there may have been good reason to create the virus, such as studying it to covers the best means of defeating its like in future, the people responsible had a more simplistic motive for their work. The reason they did it was to prove that it can be done.They also admitted that they had achieved the feat by following a recipe that â€Å"they downloaded from the internet† and were able to use gene sequences that they attained from a mail-order service. In answer to criticism that they had made the way clear for terrorists to create new and deadly viruses, the researchers explained that there are only a handful of people who would have the knowledge to carry out the task successfully. But they did advise that all governments should follow the lead of the World Health Organization and stockpile significant quantities of polio vaccine Just in case.As broad as this topic is, by the very nature of the process through which vaccines are made and administered, they must be the most effective and impressive of man- made diseases. The earliest medical practitioners would probably have noticed that those who survived a virus, however nasty (the virus, not the people), were somehow didn't know how to use this knowledge. The Chinese had a revolting, but cl ever attempt at harnessing this process in their trudge against smallpox, but it wasn't until the sass's that the idea really found an audience in Europe.Now the study and production of vaccines is continually being improved, but the basic procedure remains the same. Simplistically, a virus contains two parts, that which makes us sick and that which contains antigens that stimulate the immune response. By isolating the antigens a vaccine is able to be created that will tell our immune system to build up defenses against a particular virus. Then when the virus reaches us, we already have the defenses in place.